Over the past five decades, survival rates for children, adolescents, and young adult cancer survivors (CAYACS) have significantly improved, primarily due to advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Despite these improvements, there is still limited understanding of the long-term impacts of cancer on survivors. The CAYACS program aims to address the knowledge gap about long-term outcomes by examining late effects on physical and mental health, including second cancers, late mortality, and survivors’ quality of life.